Government shutdown refers to a state's inability to do essential actions (e.g. pass new policy typically related to budget, spend money, inter-governmental operations, etc.).

Shutdowns are typically concluded through a transition of power (e.g. former heads of state resigning, snap elections, etc.)

Democracy intrinsically supports the idea of people voting for who they believe to be the most representative and competent individuals. Despite this, most democratic countries only require a majority of voter share for elections to be won. Caplan's argument against the myth of the rational voter implies to some extent that the reason why democracies don't instead require a 100% votershare is because voters themselves are inherently irrational, conforming to many misconceptions about the world; typically resulting in the failure of said democracy. Voter share refers to all the voters who DID vote in a given election

Mixed-Income Housing Policies integrate households from different income levels in the same area (e.g., New York's Inclusionary Housing Program, Singapore's HDB flats).

Economic Zoning designates areas for different income groups through property value and housing type regulations (e.g., Beverly Hills' zoning laws).

Following Donald Trump’s proposal to resettle Palestinians in Egypt and Jordan, the Arab states convened an emergency summit in Cairo on March 4, 2025. The summit proposed a reconstruction plan that aims to restore Gaza while preventing the displacement of Palestinians. It is estimated to cost $53 billion with a phased approach that includes rebuilding infrastructure, restoring essential services, and establishing a transitional governance structure to reunite Gaza and the West Bank under the Palestinian Authority (PA). Israel and the United States have rejected the proposal while both Hamas and the PA have accepted the plan, although disagreements persist over the future of Hamas and the role of the Qassam Brigades in Gaza.

Greyzone tactics are strategies that employ non military actions to achieve sociopolitical/economic goals e.g. economic sanctions, cyberattacks, etc.

Currently, legitimate acts of war mostly consist of direct military aggression.

 The UN Security Council is composed of 5 permanent members (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States) who have veto power and 10 non-permanent members elected by the UN General Assembly for two-year term. Permanent members possess the unique ability to veto any substantive resolution, meaning a negative vote from any of them will prevent the resolution from passing, even if all other members vote in favor.

Junk entertainment refers to media that prioritizes shock value, drama, or mindless consumption over substance (e.g. Love Island, viral trends, etc.)

White knighting is the practice of using cheats to combat suspected or confirmed cheating by an enemy player/s in competitive videogames.

A fandom refers to the fans of a particular person, team, fictional series, etc. regarded collectively as a community or subculture.

You are a leader of dominant religious institution who has discovered concrete evidence that the devil exists and that God is dead. Only you have access to such evidence.

The Philippines has reconsidered its capital city due to numerous concerns such as earthquakes and traffic congestion. It is not the only country with this sentiment as South Korea and Egpyt have also considered this action. Indonesia is actively implementing it's move from Jakarta to East Kalimantan. The Philippine's most recent proposal in 2019 was to move it to New Clark City in Tarlac.

Populism is a political approach that strives to appeal to ordinary people who feel that their concerns are disregarded by established elite groups.

Carceral feminism advocates for increased policing, prosecution, and imprisonment as the primary solutions to gender-based violence and inequality.

"A classical art piece refers to a historically significant artwork, often from the Renaissance, Baroque, or other pre-modern artistic periods, that has been widely recognized for its aesthetic, cultural, and intellectual value.

Mona Lisa has no clearly visible eyebrows or eyelashes. In 2007, French engineer Pascal Cotte announced that his ultra high resolution scans of the painting provide evidence that Mona Lisa was originally painted with eyelashes and with visible eyebrows, but that these had gradually disappeared over time, perhaps as a result of overcleaning."